2003 Northeast blackout (August 2003)
On August 14, 2003, a software bug and a downed power line in Ohio triggered a cascading blackout across the northeastern US and Canada. 55 million people lost power, some for days. The failure cost an estimated $6 billion.
Power was restored within days. Investigations found the causes were preventable and largely due to inadequate maintenance and monitoring.
The blackout led to mandatory reliability standards for the US power grid, enforced by a new regulator.
Shows how one failure in an electrical system can cascade into wide disruption. Grand Rapids is replacing an aging substation at its wastewater plant.
