KKR's leveraged buyout of RJR Nabisco (1989)
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts won a contested auction for RJR Nabisco at $25 billion, then the largest leveraged buyout in history. The deal, chronicled in 'Barbarians at the Gate,' established take-privates as a legitimate strategy for acquiring blue-chip public companies and reshaped corporate finance for a generation.
RJR struggled under the resulting debt load; KKR's returns were modest by its own standards.
Despite the company's mixed performance, the deal legitimized mega-LBOs and triggered decades of private equity expansion into industries previously thought too large or stable to take private.
Amex GBT is the first time a venture-backed AI holding company has used the take-private structure at this scale. If it closes and performs, it does for AI rollups what RJR did for traditional LBOs—proving the structure can swallow incumbents, not just consolidate fragments.
