Crossrail (Elizabeth Line), 2009–2022
London's east-west railway was Europe's largest construction project, boring 42 kilometers of tunnels under the capital. Scheduled to open in December 2018, it opened in May 2022 after repeated delays in station fit-out, signaling, and testing.
The line opened about three and a half years late, with costs reported near £19 billion.
It became a core part of London's commuter network, showing that delayed mega-tunnel projects can still deliver.
The Guangci extension's near-decade schedule fits a global pattern: dense urban tunneling through hard ground runs late, and riders judge the finished line, not the missed dates.
