California Earthquake Authority (1996)
After the 1994 Northridge earthquake produced about $12.5 billion in insured losses and insurers stopped writing new policies, California created the California Earthquake Authority, a publicly managed pool that funds claims from premiums and investment returns.
Homeowners got an earthquake coverage option again, backed by a pool rather than private insurers.
The model showed governments can stand up their own risk-funding vehicles when commercial insurance fails them.
Utah's captive companies follow the same logic: the state retains risk it used to pay private carriers to bear.
