Florida 2000 recount
The presidential election came down to Florida's 537-vote margin. Ballot design and counting rules — hanging chads on punch-card ballots, confusion over the butterfly ballot in Palm Beach County — determined who became president.
The Supreme Court's decision in Bush v. Gore ended the recount on December 12, 2000.
The episode showed how arcane ballot-handling decisions decide elections, and it triggered a national push to modernize voting equipment.
It's the cautionary tale behind fears that envelope-sealing rules and signature checks will determine who controls Congress after the 2026 midterms.
