California's ADU boom (2017-2022)
California passed laws in 2017 and 2019 making accessory dwelling units legal by right in most residential zones, overriding local restrictions. ADU permits grew from roughly 1,200 in 2016 to more than 20,000 in 2022.
ADUs became a major source of new housing in California, especially in coastal cities where land is scarce.
California's by-right model became the template for other states, including Massachusetts.
Massachusetts copied California's by-right approach in 2024. California's trajectory shows the potential scale, but also that financing and construction costs are the next hurdle after zoning.
