U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit

Rule Changes

As of September 2026: Ruled 2025 map must be used, then stayed by Supreme Court

Missouri's November election will use the 2022 congressional map. The U.S. Supreme Court on September 25 stayed a federal appeals court order that would have forced the state to use the Republican-drawn 2025 map, the third time the high court has intervened.

Updated Sep 26

Rule Changes

As of May 2026: Reversed

Federal courts have debated for decades whether restitution is criminal punishment or a civil remedy—a distinction that matters because the Constitution's Ex Post Facto Clause bars retroactive increases in criminal punishment. On January 20, 2026, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled restitution under the Mandatory Victims Restitution Act is criminal punishment, so defendants cannot be held to payment terms that didn't exist when they committed their crimes.

Updated May 22