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Inflation accelerates in final report before midterms as Iran war lifts gas prices

Inflation accelerates in final report before midterms as Iran war lifts gas prices

Money Moves

October prices rose 0.4% after Democrats' midterm wins, with gas cooling and markets fully pricing a December Fed hike

Overview

Updated Yesterday

Consumer prices rose 0.4% in October from September, above the 0.3% forecast, and core prices rose 0.3%. The report had no year-over-year figure because the 2025 government shutdown prevented data collection. Gas prices had fallen below $4 a gallon, and inflation-adjusted after-tax incomes had fallen 0.3% in September.

Democrats won sweeping midterm victories last week as voter anger over prices weighed on Republicans. The Fed held rates on October 28. On November 10, Governor Christopher Waller said a half-point hike should be considered in December, and markets fully priced a quarter-point increase for the December 8-9 meeting.

Why it matters

Prices are still rising faster than the Fed's target, and the December rate decision will shape borrowing costs for mortgages, cars and credit cards.

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Key Indicators

3.7%
Annual CPI inflation, September 2026
The latest annual CPI reading; October's report lacked a year-over-year figure because the 2025 shutdown prevented data collection.
3.6%
Annual PCE inflation, September 2026
The Fed's preferred gauge; the September report showed a 0.5% monthly gain.
3.1%
Annual core PCE inflation, September 2026
Excludes food and energy; the Fed treats this as the better read on longer-term price trends.
3.4%
Third-quarter GDP growth, annualized
Above the 3.1% forecast and the 2.2% pace in the second quarter; consumer spending and AI infrastructure investment drove it.
0.4%
October CPI, monthly
Above the 0.3% forecast and down from 0.6% in September; the first inflation snapshot after the midterms.
0.3%
October core CPI, monthly
Above the 0.2% forecast; matches September's gain.
9.1%
Monthly surge in gasoline prices, September
Drove more than half of the September CPI increase; gas has since fallen below $4 a gallon.
3.9%
Fed benchmark rate after October 28 hold
Held in a 3.75%-4.00% range; next meeting is December 8-9.
100%
Market odds of a December rate hike
Reuters reported markets fully priced a quarter-point increase on November 10.
-0.3%
Inflation-adjusted incomes, September 2026
After-tax incomes fell 0.3% after adjusting for prices; consumers leaned on savings and credit.
17%
Approve of Trump's handling of cost of living
AP-NORC poll before the midterms; 26% approved of his handling of the economy overall.

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Timeline

February 2026 November 2026

11 events Latest: Yesterday Showing 8 of 11
Tap a bar to jump to that date
  1. October CPI rises 0.4%, above forecasts, as gas cools

    Latest Economic Data

    Consumer prices rose 0.4% from September, more than the 0.3% expected, and core CPI rose 0.3%. The report had no annual figure because the 2025 shutdown prevented data collection; gas prices had fallen below $4 a gallon.

  2. Waller says 50-basis-point hike should be considered in December

    Monetary Policy

    Fed Governor Christopher Waller said a half-point increase should be considered at the December meeting if inflation readings stay high, warning that a quarter-point move alone would risk the Fed's credibility. Markets fully priced a quarter-point hike.

  3. Treasury yields jump after hot October CPI

    Markets

    The 10-year Treasury yield rose more than 7 basis points to 4.938%, and the 2-year yield climbed more than 15 basis points to 4.698%, after October CPI beat forecasts.

  4. Democrats win sweeping midterm victories as prices dominate

    Election

    Democrats won sweeping victories in the November 3 midterms, with discontent over the cost of living a central issue. Republicans suffered heavy losses.

  5. PCE inflation runs at 3.6% as third-quarter growth hits 3.4%

    Economic Data

    The Commerce Department's personal consumption expenditures index rose 0.5% in September and 3.6% over the year, with core inflation at 3.1%. Gross domestic product grew at a 3.4% annual pace from July through September, and consumer spending rose 0.5%. Inflation-adjusted after-tax incomes fell 0.3% for the month.

  6. Fed holds rates, saying inflation remains elevated

    Monetary Policy

    The Federal Reserve left its benchmark rate unchanged at about 3.9% after September's quarter-point increase, saying inflation "remains elevated" and that holding off allows "the accumulation of more information." Governor Lisa Cook and Cleveland Fed President Beth Hammack dissented, favoring a hike now. Chairman Kevin Warsh said policy is already showing signs of having an impact.

  7. Wholesale inflation jumps to 6.3%, hottest since 2022

    Economic Data

    September PPI rose 1.3% from August, the most since March 2022, lifting the annual rate to 6.3%. Energy drove 80% of the goods price leap; core PPI hit 5% annually, the highest since January 2023.

  8. September CPI shows inflation at 3.7%

    Economic Data

    The Labor Department reports annual inflation up from 3.4%, with gasoline surging 9.1% for the month, in the last CPI report before the midterms.

  9. AP-NORC poll shows 17% approve of Trump's handling of cost of living

    Poll

    A new poll finds just 17% of US adults approve of Trump's handling of the cost of living, and 26% approve of his handling of the economy overall, a new low.

  10. Federal Reserve hikes rates for first time in three years

    Monetary Policy

    The Fed raises its benchmark rate 25 basis points to a 3.75%-4.00% range and flags further increases.

  11. US-Israel war with Iran begins

    Conflict

    The war pushes oil and gasoline prices higher, starting the climb in inflation that runs through the year.

Scenarios

1

Fed hikes again at October 28 meeting as inflation proves sticky

Deadline passed (Oct 28, 2026)

Discussed by: CME FedWatch futures traders, Reuters

Futures traders had put roughly even odds on a quarter-point hike at the October 27-28 meeting after the September CPI report. The Fed held instead, saying inflation "remains elevated" and that it wanted more information before its next move.

2

Republicans lose control of Congress in midterm backlash

Deadline passed (Nov 3, 2026)

Discussed by: Reuters/Ipsos polls, Associated Press, The Guardian

Polls rank the cost of living as the top issue for voters in both parties and show Trump's approval rating sliding. The final inflation report lands weeks before ballots are counted, giving Democrats a central campaign message. Republicans defend narrow majorities, so an elevated reading through early November raises the odds of losing at least one chamber.

3

Energy prices cool, inflation eases if the war de-escalates

Unlikely Resolves by End of 2026

Discussed by: CNBC, Fed officials cited in the CPI coverage

Fuel-price shocks are generally treated as temporary, and Fed officials may look past them if oil retreats. But the war shows no signs of ending, and diesel has hit record highs, threatening to feed into supermarket prices. A ceasefire or de-escalation could pull gasoline down quickly, as happened after oil corrected in 2022.

4

Fed holds in October, hikes in December

Deadline passed (Oct 28, 2026)

Discussed by: Wall Street investors, CME FedWatch

Most Wall Street investors expected a hold in October and a hike in December, and the Fed delivered the first half on October 28. Officials have penciled in one more increase this year. The open question is whether the December meeting brings it, or whether a cooling energy market lets them wait again.

5

Wholesale cost spikes feed into consumer prices through the fall

Possible Resolves by Nov 12, 2026

Discussed by: Pantheon Macroeconomics and RSM US economists, cited by CNN

September's wholesale inflation, the fastest monthly jump since March 2022, was driven by energy and fuel-sensitive transportation categories. Economists say those costs are still working through the economy; finished-goods prices and some foods, like vegetables up 41% from August, are already climbing. If the pass-through continues, shoppers may not see relief until after the midterms.

6

Fed raises rates again in December as inflation stays above target

Possible Resolves by End of 2026

Discussed by: Federal Reserve policy statement, Fed officials' own projections

The Fed held on October 28 and said it wanted more information before its next step. With PCE inflation at 3.6% and core at 3.1%, both well above the 2% target, the December meeting is the next chance for the one further increase officials have penciled in for this year. A December hike would be the second since September.

7

Fed raises rates by half a point in December

Possible Resolves by Dec 9, 2026

Discussed by: Fed Governor Christopher Waller, CME FedWatch

Waller said on November 10 that a 50-basis-point hike should be considered at the December meeting if inflation readings stay high, warning a quarter-point move alone would risk credibility. Markets were fully pricing a quarter-point increase, not a half-point move.

Historical Context

2 moments from history that rhyme with this story — and how they unfolded.

February-November 2022

US inflation surge and 2022 midterms (2022)

Russia's February 2022 invasion of Ukraine sent oil and gasoline prices soaring, and US CPI peaked at 9.1% in June 2022, a 40-year high. Voters ranked inflation their top concern, and Democrats lost the House in the November midterms despite keeping the Senate.

Then

Republicans took the House by a narrow margin as inflation dominated the campaign.

Now

Inflation eased through 2023 as oil prices corrected, though the Fed's aggressive tightening campaign followed.

Why this matters now

Today's setup mirrors 2022: a war-driven energy shock lifting prices before a midterm, with voters blaming the party in power. It shows both the political risk and the possible path to cooling if fuel costs fall.

October 1973-March 1974

OPEC oil embargo (1973-74)

Arab oil producers embargoed the US over its support for Israel in the Yom Kippur War. Oil prices roughly quadrupled, US inflation entered double digits, and Americans waited in long gas lines.

Then

The embargo ended in March 1974, but energy prices stayed high.

Now

The shock helped push inflation into an entrenched spiral that took a painful Fed tightening and years of elevated rates to break.

Why this matters now

The parallel echoes today's central question: does an energy supply shock stay contained, or does it feed through the economy and stick in inflation expectations? The 1970s is the cautionary case.

Sources

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