IBM restructuring (1993)
IBM, once dominant in mainframes, lost more than $8 billion in 1993. New CEO Lou Gerstner announced 35,000 more job cuts by the end of 1994 and shifted the company toward software and services. IBM survived and became a services leader.
Thousands lost jobs, but IBM avoided bankruptcy and later returned to profitability.
IBM's transformation showed how a legacy tech company could pivot to new business models, though at high human cost.
Like IBM, ServiceNow is a mature software company responding to a technological shift (AI) by cutting jobs while investing in new capabilities. The parallel shows such cuts can lead to long-term survival, but also that the human toll is real.
