California's Private Attorneys General Act (2004)
California passed a law letting individual workers sue employers for labor violations on behalf of the state. Penalties are split 75% to the state and 25% to affected workers, turning every employee into a potential enforcement officer.
The law generated a wave of private enforcement suits, including wage-and-hour class actions; employers complained of 'shakedown' litigation.
PAGA became one of California's main tools for enforcing wage, meal-break, and timekeeping rules, surviving several repeal attempts.
Dulaney's suit and the settlement's $50,000 penalty structure (75% to the state, 25% to workers) are direct products of PAGA.
