Microsoft's Azure buildout (2010-2015)
Microsoft spent heavily on cloud data centers in the early 2010s while Azure generated little profit. The stock traded flat for years as investors doubted the outlays would pay off.
Cloud margins stayed thin through the mid-2010s as Azure scaled.
Azure became a core profit engine and helped push Microsoft's market value to record levels. The build-first approach was ultimately vindicated.
Alibaba's AI capex follows the same logic: spend big on infrastructure now, reap the revenue later.
