Telecom fiber overbuild (1998–2001)
Investors financed a massive buildout of fiber-optic networks on the bet that internet traffic would explode. Companies raised billions to lay cable and capacity across the country.
Construction boomed and infrastructure firms raised huge sums.
Far more capacity was built than was used; several carriers went bankrupt and much fiber sat dark for years.
The AI buildout also pours capital into physical infrastructure, raising the same question of whether demand will match the capacity being financed.
