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Michelle Bowman

Michelle Bowman

Vice Chair for Supervision, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

Appears in 1 story

Stories

U.S. regulators dismantle post-crisis limits on leveraged lending

Rule Changes

Key Fed addressee of Senate Democrats’ demands for private-credit stress testing and stronger safeguards amid leveraged-lending deregulation

In March 2013, U.S. bank regulators issued joint supervisory guidance on leveraged lending to prevent a return of pre-2008-style underwriting excesses, with examiners informally anchoring scrutiny around a roughly six-times-EBITDA leverage benchmark. Over the next decade, banks’ pullback helped shift riskier deal finance toward private-credit funds, CLOs, and other nonbanks—expanding an opaque “shadow banking” ecosystem even as regulators maintained the guidance was supervisory, not a binding rule.

Updated Dec 11, 2025