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Daniel Freeman

Daniel Freeman

Technical Staff Member, MIT Lincoln Laboratory

Appears in 1 story

Stories

Noninvasive deep brain stimulation advances

New Capabilities

Lead author of the consciousness research roadmap

For decades, scientists faced an impossible choice when studying the deep brain: observe from outside with blurry tools, or implant electrodes through surgery. Transcranial magnetic stimulation reaches only 2-4 centimeters below the skull. Functional MRI shows correlation, not causation. Deep brain stimulation requires opening the skull. Now, transcranial focused ultrasound is changing that calculus—sending acoustic waves through intact bone to stimulate regions as small as a few millimeters, deeper and more precisely than any previous noninvasive method.

Updated Feb 10